On a bitingly cold night in Lapalala Wilderness nature reserve in South Africaâs Limpopo province, Duncan Kanyakera watches as instructor Jacques Viljoen deploys a thermal drone in search of a lone cheetah. Once the drone has disappeared into the inky sky, Kanyakera, from Tsavo in Kenya, and 20 other conservation professionals from across Africa turn their attention to the open-air screen in anticipation.
Many of the students â from 11 African countries as far flung as Benin, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Madagascar â witnessing the demonstration have earned their places at Lapalala after performing well on an online training programme for protected area technicians (PAT) run by the Connected Conservation Foundation (CCF). Also on the course, are five members of Peace Parks staff in training.
âData and technology are critical to modern conservation,â says CCFâs Sophie Maxwell. âCameras and collars and software like EarthRanger have transformed the fight against poaching ⦠But then an elephant knocks over a pole and you are back to square one.â
Since 2015, the CCF has installed state-of-the-art tech systems in parks across Africa with remarkable success, helping to protect nearly 10m hectares (25m acres). âParks with tech solutions are safer and more biodiverse and they have better relationships with communities,â says Maxwell.
Over the years, the CCF has âidentified a critical gapâ, says Carien Soldatos who oversees the PAT training programme: âTech is fantastic, but it all depends on having trained technicians on the ground. Without people who know how to use, repair and maintain them, the fanciest gizmos in the world arenât much use.â While there are such people in some parks, they are sorely lacking in many parts of Africa.
After searching everywhere for a tech course aimed at conservation professionals, the CCF decided to create its own. Their 10-module course, which launched in July 2025, was a global first. In the first year, 680 people from all over the world finished at least one module. Those who completed all 10 modules were invited to interviews, with the top 16 chosen to attend the practical component at Lapalala.
In less than 10 minutes, the heat sensor technology in the drone launched by Viljoen locates the cheetah resting with her cubs. Once he has locked its location, the operator sends a pin to the parkâs on-duty field rangers, who rush to the scene. âI was stunned,â says Kanyakera. âThere was no moon and the cheetah was miles away from us. But we could see exactly what was happening as the rangers got out of their vehicle and checked up on her.â
Kanyakera, who works for the Taita Taveta Wildlife Conservancies Association (TTWCA) to support a network of 35 conservancies and ranches in Kenyaâs vast Tsavo landscape, recognised immediately how handy a drone would be back home. Human-wildlife conflict is a challenge in Tsavo: âIf an elephant gets into a corn field, it causes havoc,â he says. âAnd then you have the problem of humans retaliating.â
The aim, says Kanyakera, is to keep humans and animals apart via designated wildlife corridors. But this gets tricky in the dry season when animals and humans alike are drawn towards water. Currently, if Kanyakera gets reports of an elephant near a village, he has to first work out where the elephant is and which direction it is moving in, before deploying rangers to intervene. This can take hours.
âWith a drone, we could find the elephant in minutes,â he says. âThe noise of the drone alone would probably be enough to scare the animal off. And if that doesnât work, I can deploy rangers much more accurately.â
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While a night-vision drone is the most exciting item on Kanyakeraâs Christmas list, the course has also shown him how simple changes could drastically improve the tech âstackâ back in Tsavo. This has a lot to do with the course design, explains Maxwell: âEach day, they build a new element of the stack,â she says, âbefore breaking it down at the end of each day and building it again the next morning to add another layer. Itâs all about building muscle memory.â
And it seems to be working. âAs soon as I get home, Iâll reconfigure our camera traps to make the most of AI,â says Kanyakera who also has his sights set on re-equipping the ops room in Tsavo. âIn the past, we would just Google and make a decision. Now I know so much more, I can target what I really want. The learnings from this course can make a big difference to the people and animals of Tsavo.â
The course â which featured guest lectures and practicals from nine experts on topics including connectivity, communication, power systems, monitoring sensors, hardware integration and GIS visualisation tools â is having an impact far beyond Tsavo.
Effort Zivengwa, who works at the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority head office in Harare, is part of a tech team responsible for 11 national parks. âWe were content with what we were doing,â he says. âBut, after completing this course, I think we have to do more. We are already using EarthRanger and we do have sensors, but they are not integrated.
âWe have park headquarters and lodges that donât have internet access,â he adds. âUsing point-to-point internet can fix that problem easily.â The learning module on solar power further shifted his understanding of what is possible. âWe have a lot of remote stations,â he says. âBut the sun shines everywhere.â
Mabel Nokhuthula Piki, who teaches wildlife monitoring skills at the Chinhoyi University of Technology in central Zimbabwe, has also found the course empowering. âMy students didnât comprehend that tech was important. They couldnât get the link between saving animals and computers. But now I am going to change their minds,â she says. âIt is impossible to understand the value of tech until you have seen it.â
The CCF is planning to run a second practical course with another batch of students in the first quarter of 2027. What is more, says Soldatos, âwe will be supporting five participants from the first course with internships and/or hardware donationsâ. The lucky five have not yet been chosen, but Kanyakera, Zivengwa and Piki are all in the running.
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